Alterations in T and B cell function persist in convalescent COVID-19 patients

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266663402100115X

Halima A.Shuwa, Tovah N.Shaw, Sean B.Knight, Kelly Wemyss, Flora A. McClure, Laurence Pearmain, Ian Prise, Christopher Jagger, David J. Morgan, Saba Khan, Oliver Brand, Elizabeth R.Mann, Andrew Ustianowski, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Paul Dark, Christopher E. Brightling, Seema Brij

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Resumen	Background Emerging studies indicate that some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients suffer from persistent symptoms, including breathlessness and chronic fatigue; however, the long-term immune response in these patients presently remains ill-defined. Methods Here, we describe the phenotypic and functional characteristics of B and T cells in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute disease and at 3–6 months of convalescence. Findings We report that the alterations in B cell subsets observed in acute COVID-19 patients were largely recovered in convalescent patients. In contrast, T cells from convalescent patients displayed continued alterations with persistence of a cytotoxic program evident in CD8⁺ T cells as well as elevated production of type 1 cytokines and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Interestingly, B cells from patients with acute COVID-19 displayed an IL-6/IL-10 cytokine imbalance in response to Toll-like receptor activation, skewed toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Whereas the frequency of IL-6⁺ B cells was restored in convalescent patients irrespective of clinical outcome, the recovery of IL-10⁺ B cells was associated with the resolution of lung pathology. Conclusions Our data detail lymphocyte alterations in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients up to 6 months following hospital discharge and identify 3 subgroups of convalescent patients based on distinct lymphocyte phenotypes, with 1 subgroup associated with poorer clinical outcome. We propose that alterations in B and T cell function following hospitalization with COVID-19 could affect longer-term immunity and contribute to some persistent symptoms observed in convalescent COVID-19 patients.
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Resumen

Background

Emerging studies indicate that some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients suffer from persistent symptoms, including breathlessness and chronic fatigue; however, the long-term immune response in these patients presently remains ill-defined.

Methods

Here, we describe the phenotypic and functional characteristics of B and T cells in hospitalized COVID-19 patients during acute disease and at 3–6 months of convalescence.

Findings

We report that the alterations in B cell subsets observed in acute COVID-19 patients were largely recovered in convalescent patients. In contrast, T cells from convalescent patients displayed continued alterations with persistence of a cytotoxic program evident in CD8⁺ T cells as well as elevated production of type 1 cytokines and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Interestingly, B cells from patients with acute COVID-19 displayed an IL-6/IL-10 cytokine imbalance in response to Toll-like receptor activation, skewed toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Whereas the frequency of IL-6⁺ B cells was restored in convalescent patients irrespective of clinical outcome, the recovery of IL-10⁺ B cells was associated with the resolution of lung pathology.

Conclusions

Our data detail lymphocyte alterations in previously hospitalized COVID-19 patients up to 6 months following hospital discharge and identify 3 subgroups of convalescent patients based on distinct lymphocyte phenotypes, with 1 subgroup associated with poorer clinical outcome. We propose that alterations in B and T cell function following hospitalization with COVID-19 could affect longer-term immunity and contribute to some persistent symptoms observed in convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Procedencia del autor

Extranjero

Texto completo	1-s2.0-S266663402100115X-main.pdf

Palabras clave	COVID-19T cellsB cellslong COVIDviral Infectionconvalescent patients

Tipo de documento	Pruebas de laboratorio Manejo de pacientes
Especialidad(es)	Especialidades diagnósticas -- Microbiología Especialidades básicas biomédicas -- Inmunología

Publicado en el sitio	2021-04-22 14:01:32

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