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Humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in renal transplant versus dialysis patients: A prospective, multicenter observational study using mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Julian Stumpf, Torsten Siepmann, Tom Lindner, Claudia Karger, Jörg Schwöbel, Leona Anders, Robert Faulhaber-Walter, Jens Schewe, Heike Martin, Holger Schirutschke, Kerstin Barnett, Jan Hüther, Petra Müller, Torsten Langer, Thilo Pluntke, Kirsten Anding-Rost, Frank Meistring, Thomas Stehr, Annegret Pietzonka, Katja Escher,
Simon Cerny, Hansjörg Rothe, Frank Pistrosch, Harald Seidel, Alexander Paliege, Joachim Beige, Ingolf Bast, Anne Steglich, Florian Gembardt, Friederike Kessel, Hannah Kröger, Patrick Arndt, Jan Sradnick, Kerstin Frank, Anna Klimova, René Mauer, Xina Grählert, Moritz Anft, Arturo Blazquez-Navarro, Timm H Westhoff, Ulrik Stervbo, Torsten Tonnaf, Nina Babel, Christian Hugo
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Resumen

Background

Dialysis and kidney transplant patients are vulnerable populations for COVID-19 related disease and mortality.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study exploring the eight week time course of specific cellular (interferon-γ release assay and flow cytometry) or/and humoral immune responses (ELISA) to SARS-CoV-2 boost vaccination in more than 3100 participants including medical personnel, dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients using mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273.

Results

SARS-CoV-2-vaccination induced seroconversion efficacy in dialysis patients was similar to medical personnel (> 95%), but markedly impaired in kidney transplant recipients (42%). T-cellular immunity largely mimicked humoral results. Major risk factors of seroconversion failure were immunosuppressive drug number and type (belatacept, MMF-MPA, calcineurin-inhibitors) as well as vaccine type (BNT162b2 mRNA). Seroconversion rates induced by mRNA-1273 compared to BNT162b2 vaccine were 97% to 88% (p < 0.001) in dialysis and 49% to 26% in transplant patients, respectively. Specific IgG directed against the new binding domain of the spike protein (RDB) were significantly higher in dialysis patients vaccinated by mRNA-1273 (95%) compared to BNT162b2 (85%, p < 0.001). Vaccination appeared safe and highly effective demonstrating an almost complete lack of symptomatic COVID-19 disease after boost vaccination as well as ceased disease incidences during third pandemic wave in dialysis patients.

Conclusion

Dialysis patients exhibit a remarkably high seroconversion rate of 95% after boost vaccination, while humoral response is impaired in the majority of transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drug number and type as well as vaccine type (BNT162b2) are major determinants of seroconversion failure in both dialysis and transplant patients suggesting immune monitoring and adaption of vaccination protocols.
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Palabras clave epidemiology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination mRNA-1273 BNT162b2 tozinameran dialysis patients kidney
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Publicado en el sitio 2021-08-17 12:37:25

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